Hướng dẫn display Entity Reference Fallbacks trong Drupal 8

When we add a default value to a media reference field, it actually attaches that entity to each new article created. This creates a couple of problems:

1. We can’t control the display of the field based on its value because it will always have a value. 
2. If we were to change the default value in the future, it would only affect newly created articles (previously published articles would still have the old value).

The Solution

Because we don’t necessarily want to store a value in the database for each article, and this only affects the display of the article in certain view modes, we opted for a custom Entity Reference Field Formatter. Here’s how we did it.

Create our Field Formatter

Since we are using an entity reference field, we will extend from the EntityReferenceEntityFormatter class.

<?php

namespace Drupal\my_module\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter;

use Drupal\Core\Field\FieldItemListInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Field\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\EntityReferenceEntityFormatter;
use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;

/**
 * Plugin implementation of 'entity_reference_entity_view_fallback' formatter.
 *
 * @FieldFormatter(
 *   id = "entity_reference_entity_view_fallback",
 *   label = @Translation("Rendered entity with fallback"),
 *   field_types = {
 *     "entity_reference"
 *   }
 * )
 */
class EntityReferenceEntityFallbackFormatter extends EntityReferenceEntityFormatter {

}

Create a Configuration Form with Options

Because we want to be able to control the settings in configuration, we will have to build a settings form for the Field Formatter. Here, we have defined settings for the entity type to use, and the ID of the fallback entity.

/**
 * {@inheritdoc}
 */
public static function defaultSettings() {
  return [
    'entity_type' => 'media',
    'fallback_id' => NULL,
  ] + parent::defaultSettings();
}

/**
 * {@inheritdoc}
 */
public function settingsForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
  $elements = parent::settingsForm($form, $form_state);

  // The type of entity to display.
  $elements['entity_type'] = [
    '#type' => 'textfield',
    '#title' => $this->t('Entity Type'),
    '#default_value' => $this->getSetting('entity_type'),
    '#required' => TRUE,
  ];

  // The ID of the entity to display.
  $elements['fallback_id'] = [
    '#type' => 'textfield',
    '#title' => $this->t('Fallback ID'),
    '#default_value' => $this->getSetting('fallback_id'),
    '#required' => TRUE,
  ];

  return $elements;
}

Update the Display of the Field

The only thing left to do is handle the display of the field when using this formatter. Here we check to see if the field is empty, and if it is, we render the fall back entity (defined in our settings form) instead.

/**
 * {@inheritdoc}
 */
public function viewElements(FieldItemListInterface $items, $langcode) {
  $elements = parent::viewElements($items, $langcode);
  $view_mode = $this->getSetting('view_mode');

  // Check if the field is empty.
  if (empty($elements)) {
    // TODO: Protect against infinite recursion.
    $controller = \Drupal::entityManager()->getStorage($this->getSetting('entity_type'));

    // Get the fallback entity.
    $entity = $controller->load($this->getSetting('fallback_id'));

    // If a fallback value is set, display it.
    if (!empty($entity)) {
      $view_builder = $this->entityTypeManager->getViewBuilder($entity->getEntityTypeId());
      $elements[] = $view_builder->view($entity, $view_mode, $entity->language()->getId());
    }
  }

  return $elements;
}

The Full Code:

<?php

namespace Drupal\my_module\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter;

use Drupal\Core\Field\FieldItemListInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Field\Plugin\Field\FieldFormatter\EntityReferenceEntityFormatter;
use Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface;

/**
 * Plugin implementation of 'entity_reference_entity_view_fallback' formatter.
 *
 * @FieldFormatter(
 *   id = "entity_reference_entity_view_fallback",
 *   label = @Translation("Rendered entity with fallback"),
 *   field_types = {
 *     "entity_reference"
 *   }
 * )
 */
class EntityReferenceEntityFallbackFormatter extends EntityReferenceEntityFormatter {

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function defaultSettings() {
    return [
      'entity_type' => 'media',
      'fallback_id' => NULL,
    ] + parent::defaultSettings();
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function settingsForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    $elements = parent::settingsForm($form, $form_state);

    // The type of entity to display.
    $elements['entity_type'] = [
      '#type' => 'textfield',
      '#title' => $this->t('Entity Type'),
      '#default_value' => $this->getSetting('entity_type'),
      '#required' => TRUE,
    ];

    // The ID of the entity to display.
    $elements['fallback_id'] = [
      '#type' => 'textfield',
      '#title' => $this->t('Fallback ID'),
      '#default_value' => $this->getSetting('fallback_id'),
      '#required' => TRUE,
    ];

    return $elements;
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function viewElements(FieldItemListInterface $items, $langcode) {
    $elements = parent::viewElements($items, $langcode);
    $view_mode = $this->getSetting('view_mode');

    // Check if the field is empty.
    if (empty($elements)) {
      // TODO: Protect against infinite recursion.
      $controller = \Drupal::entityManager()->getStorage($this->getSetting('entity_type'));

      // Get the fallback entity.
      $entity = $controller->load($this->getSetting('fallback_id'));

      // If a fallback value is set, display it.
      if (!empty($entity)) {
        $view_builder = $this->entityTypeManager->getViewBuilder($entity->getEntityTypeId());
        $elements[] = $view_builder->view($entity, $view_mode, $entity->language()->getId());
      }
    }

    return $elements;
  }

}