Hướng dẫn chèn JS và CSS assets vào Drupal 8 theme năm 2015

Drupal 8 theme

In one of my previous posts I wrote about creating a Drupal 8 theme and declaring assets (JS and CSS) associated with it. Recently there were a few changes in Drupal 8's core and the way these assets are served to a theme or a module. Drupal 8 introduces a concept of asset libraries for JS and CSS in themes and modules. One of the recent core updates was about changing the way these assets are attached to the theme .

In this post I wanted to go over a few practical examples of how these assets can be added and customized. Here are some scenarios:

• Through a global library
• Deleting or overriding existing styles served by core
• Declaring various dependencies that are provided by Drupal 8's core
• Specifying assets scope or sending JS to the footer
• Specifying media type
• Adding external CSS or JS library, e.g: Google Fonts
• Adding conditional CSS or JS for older IE browsers
• Adding custom libraries to specific pages, e.g: front page

Global styles and scripts

In the example below global-stylingis a name of a library (a file or collection of files) that is used for global styles. It is declared in a theme_name.libraries.ymland then also added to the theme_name.info.ymlfile. This specific library will now be available across the whole site.

Here is how it will look in the theme_name.libraries.ymlfile.

  
    global-styling:
      version: VERSION
      css:
        theme:
          css/style.css: {}
  

Then it's declared in the theme_name.info.ymlfile.

 
   name: Example
   type: theme
   core: 8.x
   libraries:
   - theme_name/global-styling
 

Declaring scripts would be very similar. In the theme_name.libraries.yml

  
    global-scripts:
      version: VERSION
      js:
        js/script.js: {}
  

Then in the theme_name.info.ymlfile, we add these libraries.

  
    name: Example
    type: theme
    core: 8.x
    libraries:
    - theme_name/global-styling
    - theme_name/global-scripts
  

Now these two libraries or collections of JS and CSS files are available across the whole site. These two separate sets of CSS and JS can also be combined into one library.

  
    global-styles-and-scripts:
      version: VERSION
      css:
        theme:
           css/style.css: {}
      js:
        js/script.js: {}
  

Deleting or overriding existing styles served by core

In the theme_name.info.ymlfile:

  
    stylesheets-remove:
      - normalize.css
  

or to override the core's stylesheet:

  
    stylesheets-override:
      - normalize.css
    

Declaring dependencies

By default Drupal 8 doesn't load any additional scripts. For example jQuery is not loaded, but it can be declared as a dependency. For all core assets look into /core/assets/vendor. You will find modernizr, jQuery and other useful things in there.

Example of declaring a dependency.

  
    global-scripts:
      version: VERSION
      js:
        js/script.js: {}
      dependencies:
        - core/jquery
        - core/jquery.once
        - core/modernizr
  

Specifying scope of a JS file or sending it to the footer

There are many cases when it would be best to have a JS asset at the footer of the page. By default they will be included in the header but you can easily send them to the footer by specifying the scope in the theme_name.libraries.ymlfile.

  
    js/script.js: { scope: footer } 
  

Specifying media type

Similarly, if there is a need for a print stylesheet in your theme it can also be easily specified with a media parameter in the theme_name.libraries.ymlfile.

  
    css/print.css: { media: print }
  

Bringing in an external JS or CSS resource

Often you would want to include an external library in your theme, here is how it can be added in theme_name.libraries.ymlfile.

  
    remote-custom:
      remote: https://github.com/yui/yui3
      license:
        name: BSD
        url: https://github.com/yui/yui3/blob/master/LICENSE.md
        gpl-compatible: true
      version: VERSION
      js:
        http://yui.yahooapis.com/3.18.1/build/yui/yui-min.js:  { type: external, browsers: { IE: 'lte IE 8', '!IE': false } }
    
  

You can also specify additional parameters in the theme_name.theme filewith a preprocess hook:

  
        function theme_name_css_alter(&$css) {
        $theme_path = drupal_get_path('theme', 'theme_name');
        // Add googlefonts.
        $googlefonts = '//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:300,400,700|Source+Serif+Pro:700,400';
        $css[$googlefonts] = array(
        'data' => $googlefonts,
        'type' => 'external',
        'every_page' => TRUE,
        'media' => 'all',
        'preprocess' => FALSE,
        'group' => CSS_AGGREGATE_THEME,
        'browsers' => array('IE' => TRUE, '!IE' => TRUE),
        'weight' => -1,
        );
      }
  

Conditional CSS or JS for older IE browsers

You can specify IE conditionals through the parameters in the theme_name.libraries.ymlfile.

  
    http://yui.yahooapis.com/3.18.1/build/yui/yui-min.js:  { type: external, browsers: { IE: 'lte IE 8', '!IE': false } } 
  

Adding or limiting a library to specific pages

If you only need to load a specific library onto a specific page, e.g maintenance page, you will need to add a hook in your theme_name.themefile. Here is an example:

  
    function theme_name_preprocess_maintenance_page(&$variables) {
      $variables['#attached']['library'][] = 'theme_name/custom-library';
    }

This can be useful when you only need certain styles on certain node types. You just need to create a hook for that specific node type to load your custom library. Often you will need additional JS for a custom home page banner or a slider. Here is an example of how a custom-librarycan be loaded only on a front page:

  
    function theme_name_preprocess_page(&$variables) {
        if($variables['is_front']){
          $variables['#attached']['library'][] = 'theme_name/custom-library';
      }
    }
  

Remember to always clear your caches when you are adding libraries or creating new hooks. An easy way to do that automatically is to set the debug: true in your Drupal 8 services.yamlfile in sites/default/while developing.